erhard



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.,

G. P. BRHARD.

BOILER.

No. 390,466. Patented Oct. 2, 1888'.

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3 Sheets-Sheet :2.

(No Model.)

G.P.ERHAB, D.

BOILER.

Patented 001:. Z, 1888.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet a.

G. P. ERHARD.

' BOILER.

No. 390,466. Patented Oct. 2, 1888.

BY W ATTYS.

FFIQEQ ATENT GEORGE P. ERl-IARD, OF EL MORA, NEXV JERSEY.

BOlLER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390,466, dated Cotoloer 2,1888.

Application tiled December 28, 1887 To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE PIERRE En- HARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at El Mora, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers; and'I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked there on, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to any type of boiler and can be constructed with or without a sediment or mud drum.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in, each of the several figures, Figure 1, Sheet 1, is or may be taken for either a front or a rear elevation of a double ended marine boiler, showing a plurality of furnaces and having therein or therewith connectedthe improved attachments or devices for generating the steam and producing a circulation of water within the water space or chamber of the said boiler. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a portion of the same, showing the point of entry at the side into the body of the boiler of certain auxiliary pipes. Fig. 3 is a central and longitudinal section taken on line X of Fig. 1. Fig. t is a horizontal section taken on line Y of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail view, showing a portion of the boiler in front elevation and broken away to show one of the lower entrances to the generator attachments. Fig. 6 indicates, in central section, an improved scetoral joint to be inserted at the junction of each half or lobe of the coil or heater. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a side View and central section of a swing-valve employed in connection with said attachments or in any other suitable relation with this peculiar or any other generator or with steam or water pipes.

The invention consists in the various arrangements and combinations of parts, sub stantially as will be hereinafter set forth, and finally embodied in the clauses of the claim.

In said drawings, F indicates the body of a boiler, preferably of the so-callec Scotch type of boilers, having interior fire-chambers, E E E, or fire-chambers entirely sur- Serial No. 258,856. (No model.)

rounded by a water-chamber, F, and having a combustion-chamber,H, connected with each furnace or fire-chamber and extending upwardly therefrom into the water-space.

'Within the fire chambers or furnaces E, at the upper parts thereof, are arranged gener ating pipes or heaters, which produce a circulation of water within the water-chamber, and thus prevent the sediment of the water from settling upon the crown-sheets F of the boilerbody or on the bottom thereof, so as to produce crusts which are more or less non-conductors of heat and cause the said crownsheets to readily burn out, and keep the. body of the water in said boiler at an approximately uniform temperature throughout all its parts, so that the joints in the boiler will not be started through unequal expansion. The said generating-pipes G are preferably arranged in the form of a coil or in convolutions or series, as in Fig. 4, and are arranged, as before indicated, in lobes or half parts within the furnace or fire-chamber E, at the top thereof. In the class of boilers to which my invention particularly relates the water-chamber F and fire-chambers are cut up into parts or sections by partitions, such as F, F, F, and F. The heater pipes or coils G,Fig.4, are placed in the fire chambers or furnaces E E E, Figs. 1, 3, 4-, and 5, and project into the combustion chamber H. They may be arranged in arcs over the fires and-close to the crownsheet-s, as in Fig. 5, so as to take up less room over the beds of fire, the ends nearest the door of the furnace resting upon angle-irons 0 of the front plate or connected therewith, while the ex tensions or arms G2 project, or may project, through the clearance-holes c c, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, to connect with the valved pipes X, lying at the outside of the main body of the boiler. Upon said pipes X are the valves A A and B B, disposed at the front and sides of the boiler-body F. The pipes X at their other opposite ends connect with downwardly and inwardly extending pipes K within the boiler, as at D D, which letters indicate points of entry into said boiler-body. The said pipes K enter into the water-chamber of the boiler and extend to any convenient point therein at or near the lower portion thereof, the said pipes being at their lower ends open or provided with inlets to receive the water of the boiler. The opposite extensions G of the adjacent coils or heating or steam-generating pipes are connected at or in the combustionchamber and discharge through a sectoral joint, S, of peculiar construction, into a common pipe, M, which latter is ofgreater internal area than that of either of the pipes G, and which said pipe M rises through the combustion-chamber H and discharges into the waterchamber F of the boiler at the opening I, which may be made by removing a tube from the boiler. By this construction the water in the generating-pipes of the firechamber, being converted rapidly into steam because of its closeness to the fire and the small body of water in proportion to the heating-surface of the said pipes, is caused to travel rapidly in the direction of least resistance. The two bodies of water are brought into union by the sectoral joint and empty into the common stand-pipe. As the water leaves the coil the weight of the water in the boiler causes the water to rise in the goose-necks or downwardly and inwardly extending pipes K, and, seeking its own level, fills again the coil, where the same action, as before explained, again takes place, and the result is arapid and continuous circulation of water from any point at which the goose-necks may lead to the top of the boiler below the water-level.

The passages s s of the sectoral joint are formed so that they approach one another gradually, so that the water passing therethrough is not turned abruptly and its movement impeded, and thus the swiftly-moving waters from the pipes G G- are brought together and injected into the common stand-pipe, and the speed of the water through said stand-pipe is greatly facilitated, and it is forced out through the extension M into the boiler with great force. The speed of the water is also accelerated by steam generated in the upward passage of the water through the stand-pipe M in the combustion-chamber.

It is very apparent that every time the coil G is filled the capacity of the boiler is increased to an amount equal'to the heating-surface of the coil; but as the water in the coil is in rapid circulation it is evident that the capacity of said boiler is increased in any given time by an amount equal to the heatingsurface of said coil multiplied by the times it was filled in the same given time without any increase in the consumption of fuel; but as the water was drawn'by the goosenecks or downward pipes K from the coldest part of the boiler it can be readily seen that the boiler is not only increased in capacity without any increased consumption of fuel, but it is evident that an equal and constant temperature is established throughout the boiler, and thus equal expansion is produced and the life of the boiler correspondingly prolonged,while the incessant and rapid circulation of the water through the boiler and circulating-pipes keeps any sediment that may be in the water from adhering to the shell of the boiler and forming a crust, but keeps it in a loose form or condition, enabling the same to be readily removed.

In the event that a sediment or mud drum, W, is applied, I introduce a T-fitting at D, Fig. 1, between the valves B B and the pipes X X, and to the downward branch of said T I connect pipes Y Y, which lead to a cast or wrought iron receptacle, W, which may be supplied with a removable head, W, and a blow-out cock, V. The water in the boiler, in passing through the goose-necks or pipes K, Fig. 3, to the coil G at D, passes over the downward opening in the branch of the T- fitting, and any sediment or scale drops into the pipes Y Y and the mud-drum by gravity, from whence it can be easily blown off at V.

The boiler is fed in the usual manner. The cocks B, Figs. 1 and 2, placed, respectively,at the front and sides of the boiler-body as close thereto as possible, as previously described, are so placed as to entirely out off the supply of water to the entire generator at any instant should any accident orbrcak occur to the external pipes, X X, or any connection or joint or pipe or mud-drum connectionin the generator,while the valves J, placed at each outlet to the upward or stand pipe M, Fig. 3, acting automatically, will at the same instant close the other end of the generator, and thus the combination of the two valves form an absolute safeguard against all accident and leave the boiler intact. The said automatic valve J (shown in detail in Figs. 7 and 8) consists of heads J, which screw or are otherwise secured at the ends of the pipes M, just within the chamber F. At their inner extremities the heads provide incline seats Jiadapted to make impervious steam and water joints with valves which are hinged or otherwise arranged to work to and from said seats. W'hen hinged, I prefer to provide hinge-arms J on the head J, and the valve with a corresponding arm, J", said valve being bolted or otherwise secured to said arm J the perforation J being larger than the bolt J so that the latter will have free play therein and the valve J be allowed to automatically adapt itself to the seat J and make an impervious joint therewith. The bolt is held or may be held to the valve J by a nut, J To prevent the valve from opening past a point approximately in line with the pipe M, I prefer to form a backward extension, J, which engages a block or bearing, J which may be, and preferably is, cast integral with the head J, so that said valve is limited in its opening movement, and when pressure through the pipe M is cut off will drop automatically into engagement and close the exit of steam or water from the boiler.

The intermediate valves, A A, are placed between the valves B and generating-pipes G, as previously described, and are so placed in order to close in connection with the valve J any one set of coils for repairs or cleaning purposes without necessitating blowing offor emptying the boiler.

ICO

It is often desirable and necessary in boilers to make repairs to the crown-sheets, rivets, or bolts thereon, calking,&c.; and in order that the generator may be quickly and easily removed I have used the following simple construction: In the pipe M in the combustion-chamber H, near the point I, or at any other convenient point, I place a union-joint, V, and at the points O-to wit, the connectingpoints of the coils or pipes G with the pipes X-I place a union-elbow or any other unionjoint, thus making it a simple matter, byloosening the union both in the combustion-chamber and in the front, to immediately remove the entire coil as awhole,which,whcn the said repairs have been made, may be quickly slipped back in place without breaking a single connection.

It will be observed that, in connection with the series of fire-chambers which extend through the water, the water space or chamber ofthe boiler, and the heater or steam-generating pipes arranged therein, there is a series ofwhat I have called goose-necks, K, or pipes extending from the heater into the said waterspace of the boiler to several joints within the same more or less distant from one another. By this construction I am enabled to keep the boiler-body much more free of inerustation of sediment than if a single pipe, K, was employed.

The mud-drum or sediment-receptacle \V is of peculiar construction, the same being provided with a lower inclined plate or wall and eggshaped or oval in cross-section and fitted with a removable head, \V, and a blowotf cock, V, so that the sediment as it is deposited in the drum will be deposited in the lower extremity of the same, and may be readily and easily removed either by the blowoff' or by removing the head.

Having thus described the iuvention,what I claim as new is- 1. In combination wit-h a boiler-body, a heater and extension thereof extending into the upper and lower parts of the water-space within said body, and an automatic valve in connection with one of the said extensions and adapted to close automatically by the pressure within said space when circulation within said heater is cut off, and suitable means for cutting off said circulation, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with the boiler having formed in the water-chamber thereof a series of fire-chambers and a combustion-chamber, H, extending upwardly therefrom, of steamgenerating pipes G, arranged in said firechambers, a standpipe, M, connecting with the pipes G and extending upwardly through the combustion-chamber H, a forward extension, M, extending through the partition which separates the combustiou-chan.1ber from the water-chamber, and supply-pipes for feed ing the water to the generating-pipes, substantiall y as set forth.

3. In combination with the boiler having fire-chambersandacombustiouchamber,pipes G G, arranged in each of said fire-chambers, a sectoral joint connecting said pipes G G, as de scribed, and uniting them withastand-pipe, M, extending vertically through said combustionchamber, said stand-pipe M being provided with a forward extension which passes through the partition which separates said combus tion and water chambers, as shown, and on its inner end or within the water-chamber being provided with an automatic valve, and suit able pipes for feeding said pipes G G- from the boiler, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The improved steam-generator herein described, combining a boiler separate-d by partitions into a water-chamber, fire-chambers surrounded by said water-chamber, and an in tcrior combustionchamber, generating-pipes in said fire-chamber, stand-pipe in said combustiouchamber, pipes for feeding said gen crating-pipes, valves stopping theiiow through said pipes, and an automatic valve arranged at the end of the inward extension of the stand-pipe, all said parts being arranged and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 20th day of December, 1887.

GEORGE P. ERHARD.

Witnesses:

CHARLES H. PELL, WM. ROGER OwENs. 

